Abstract

Breast cancer is a growing public health concern in Uganda, where many women are diagnosed at advanced stages, 
leading to poor outcomes. Early detection through screening and timely diagnostic pathways can significantly 
improve prognosis, yet Uganda faces multiple barriers to effective screening, including health-system limitations, 
geographic and financial disparities, and sociocultural factors. This review examines the current state of breast 
cancer screening in Uganda, including epidemiology, screening methods, barriers to access, and recent innovations 
such as mobile screening units, task-shifting, and patient navigation programs. We explore the roles of institutional 
actors like the Uganda Cancer Institute and highlight the challenges that remain in expanding equitable screening 
coverage. Additionally, we propose pragmatic solutions to overcome these barriers, with a focus on policy 
interventions, resource mobilization, and community engagement to improve early detection and reduce breast 
cancer mortality. By synthesizing peer-reviewed studies, national reports, and program descriptions, this review 
offers valuable insights for strengthening breast cancer screening efforts in Uganda and improving health outcomes 
for women.