Abstract

Malaria remains one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, where it continues 
to burden public health systems despite global efforts to control and eliminate it. Climate change has exacerbated 
malaria transmission, with extreme climate events such as floods, droughts, and temperature fluctuations 
significantly influencing the spread of the disease. This review examines case studies from East and West Africa, 
regions where the impact of climate change on malaria transmission has been particularly pronounced. The study 
highlights the correlations between extreme climate events and surges in malaria incidence, focusing on the role of 
climate variables like temperature, rainfall, and humidity in facilitating mosquito breeding and parasite development. 
East Africa, with its varied topography, and West Africa, with its tropical climate, have both experienced notable 
malaria outbreaks linked to climate anomalies. These case studies underscore the complex relationship between 
climate variability and malaria transmission, revealing the need for localized, evidence-based strategies to address 
these challenges. The review emphasizes the importance of integrating climate-sensitive malaria control strategies 
into public health systems, which include improving weather forecasting, utilizing climate data for early warning 
systems, and enhancing surveillance efforts. Given the increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to 
climate change, this research advocates for adaptive public health responses that can mitigate the impact of malaria 
surges and safeguard vulnerable populations in Africa.