Abstract

Arthritis is a leading cause of chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life globally, with significant prevalence 
in Nigeria. Patients with arthritis frequently experience comorbid depression and anxiety, which exacerbate pain 
perception, impair functional ability, reduce treatment adherence, and worsen overall outcomes. This review 
synthesizes current evidence on the prevalence, risk factors, mechanisms, and clinical consequences of depression 
and anxiety among arthritis patients in Nigeria. Findings indicate high rates of psychological distress, influenced by 
biopsychosocial factors including pain severity, functional limitations, disease duration, social support, and systemic 
inflammation. Health-system challenges, sociocultural barriers, and limited mental health resources further 
compound the burden. Effective management requires integrated biopsychosocial approaches, routine mental health 
screening, culturally validated tools, task-shifted psychological interventions, rehabilitation support, and 
strengthened healthcare policies. Identified research gaps highlight the need for population-based studies, 
longitudinal research, and locally adapted interventions. Addressing these challenges is crucial to optimizing 
arthritis care, reducing disability, and improving quality of life in the Nigerian context.