Abstract

Road infrastructure is a critical driver of socioeconomic development in Sub-Saharan Africa, facilitating connectivity, 
trade, and access to essential services. However, the construction and maintenance of roads have unintended 
ecological and epidemiological consequences, particularly in relation to malaria transmission. Roadworks often 
create artificial water bodies, borrow pits, and poorly drained depressions that provide ideal breeding habitats for 
Anopheles mosquitoes, the primary vectors of malaria. Simultaneously, improved human mobility along transport 
corridors accelerates the spread of Plasmodium parasites, linking high-transmission and previously low-risk areas. 
Empirical studies across multiple African countries demonstrate increased malaria prevalence in communities 
situated near major roads. Mitigation strategies, including eco-sensitive road design, effective drainage, routine 
maintenance, vector control interventions, and community engagement, are essential to reduce these risks. Future 
research should adopt interdisciplinary approaches integrating entomology, hydrology, public health, and 
infrastructure planning to guide sustainable road development that balances economic progress with malaria 
prevention.