Abstract

Access to clean drinking water is essential for public health, particularly in rural areas of West Africa, where 
waterborne diseases such as diarrhea remain a significant threat. Borehole water systems have become a key solution 
to providing safe drinking water in these communities. This review examines the effectiveness of borehole water 
systems in reducing the incidence of diarrhea, a major health issue in rural West Africa. The study analyzes existing 
literature and evidence, focusing on the role of boreholes in improving water quality and public health outcomes, 
particularly in children under five. The review highlights both successes and challenges, including the importance 
of community engagement, proper maintenance, water quality monitoring, and hygiene education. While boreholes 
have proven to reduce diarrheal diseases in some areas, issues such as system sustainability, contamination risks, 
and inequitable access remain significant obstacles. The findings suggest that for borehole systems to be effective in 
the long term, improvements in maintenance, monitoring, and community involvement are essential. This review 
provides valuable insights for policymakers, NGOs, and development practitioners working to improve water access 
and public health in similar settings.