Abstract

Maternal mortality remains a pressing public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where anemia is a prevalent 
yet often underrecognized contributor. This comparative review synthesizes evidence on the role of anemia in 
maternal mortality across African countries, examining its prevalence, pathophysiology, quantitative impact, and 
the effectiveness of interventions. Severe anemia significantly increases the risk of maternal death by exacerbating 
obstetric complications such as hemorrhage, infections, and hypertensive disorders. The review highlights 
substantial regional variations in anemia prevalence, influenced by malaria endemicity, nutritional deficiencies, 
health system capacity, and socioeconomic determinants. Despite the availability of interventions—including iron 
and folic acid supplementation, malaria prophylaxis, deworming, and nutrition support—implementation gaps, poor 
adherence, limited antenatal care coverage, and weak health infrastructure impede progress. Addressing anemia
related maternal mortality requires integrated, context-specific strategies combining clinical care, public health 
measures, and nutrition-sensitive interventions, supported by implementation research and policy prioritization. 
Strengthening these efforts is critical for reducing preventable maternal deaths and achieving Sustainable 
Development Goal 3 targets.