Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represented a major public health challenge globally, with a disproportionate burden observed 
among low-income urban populations where social, economic, and structural barriers compromised effective disease 
management. Diabetes self-management was essential for glycemic control and prevention of complications, yet 
remained difficult to achieve in underserved communities. The purpose of this review was to critically examine the 
role of community health worker interventions in supporting diabetes self-management among low-income urban 
populations. A narrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies evaluating community health worker–led 
diabetes interventions was undertaken to integrate evidence on program design, mechanisms of action, and health 
outcomes. Findings from the literature indicated that community health worker interventions were associated with 
improvements in glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, self-care behaviors, and patient engagement, while also 
addressing psychosocial stressors and health system navigation challenges. These benefits were largely attributed 
to culturally responsive education, peer support, and sustained community-based engagement. Evidence further 
suggested that such interventions may reduce health disparities and improve access to preventive care when 
effectively integrated into primary healthcare systems. Community health worker interventions represented a 
promising and evidence-based strategy for enhancing diabetes self-management in low-income urban populations. 
Strengthening training, sustainability, and policy support for these programs was critical to maximizing their impact 
on population health outcomes.