Abstract

Obesity is characterized by an imbalance in energy homeostasis, leading to an increase in adiposity and the 
subsequent release of adipokines and cytokines, which play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity
associated inflammation. This inflammation is a critical factor in the development of obesity-related 
comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Recent advancements in 
nanotechnology have opened new therapeutic avenues to regulate adipokines and cytokines, offering promising 
strategies for modulating obesity-induced inflammatory pathways. Nano-enabled approaches, including 
nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and nanostructures, have demonstrated their potential in enhancing the 
bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Moreover, these nanomaterials can interact 
with adipocytes, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix to modulate the expression and secretion of pro
inflammatory adipokines and cytokines. This review explores the current understanding of nano-enabled 
regulation of adipokines and cytokine signaling, highlighting the mechanisms through which nanoparticles 
influence key inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, the article examines the applications of nano-based 
therapies in controlling obesity-induced inflammation and their potential for mitigating obesity-related diseases. 
Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future directions of nanotechnology in obesity management are 
discussed.