Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major contributors to the global burden of chronic disease, with both 
conditions sharing common underlying mechanisms, including lipid and glucose dysregulation. Obesity, 
especially visceral fat accumulation, leads to insulin resistance, inflammation, and disturbed lipid metabolism, 
creating an environment conducive to the development of T2D. Current therapeutic strategies predominantly 
focus on managing blood glucose levels or reducing body weight, yet they often fail to address the root causes 
of lipid and glucose dysregulation. Nanotechnology presents a novel approach to treating these conditions by 
enabling the precise delivery of therapeutic agents that can modulate lipid metabolism and improve glucose 
homeostasis. By leveraging the unique properties of nanoparticles, nanocarriers can target adipose tissue, liver, 
muscle, and pancreas with high specificity. Nanotechnology-driven strategies can promote insulin sensitivity, 
reduce lipid accumulation, and restore metabolic balance, potentially offering more effective treatments for 
obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review explores the mechanisms by which nanotechnology can 
modulate lipid and glucose dysregulation in obesity and T2D. It also examines the potential benefits and 
challenges of translating these nanomedicines into clinical practice, highlighting the exciting opportunities for 
improving therapeutic outcomes in these complex diseases.