Abstract

When you think of work-related safety hazards, you probably think about what goes on inside the workplace. But
one of the greatest threats to your safety was not in the workplace, but rather on the road. In this study, we have
designed an effective way of automatically avoiding accidents. The process includes; mechanical construction of the
robotic vehicle model followed by circuit connection and programming of the microcontroller. Mechanical
construction represents the process of assembling the chassis to form a vehicle, circuit connection includes the circuit
design of the circuit system and programming can simply mean setting and determining the logical operation of the
system. The system was fabricated with a robotic vehicle. The robotic vehicle model was fitted with appropriate
wheels to enable its movement; the DC motors were also adjusted and mounted close to the wheels to transmit
mechanical power to the wheels using a transmission shaft connecting the motors to the wheels. The sensors were
mounted on the right, left and the fore-end Centre of the robot vehicle. The 18 volts DC battery powers the system
and was firmly fixed in a battery holder which was then mounted on the robotic vehicle to avoid quaking which may
cause some anomalies during operation. The system consists of a power supply of 12v DC that has to power the DC
motors, we regulated the 12v DC power to 5v which is the voltage level needed for powering the microcontroller,
sensors and buzzer, on powering the system, and the operation starts with a forward movement if there was no
obstacle in front. The system turns left or right depending on the free path. Ultrasonic sensors emit the sound
energy (waves) in a parallel manner, So, actually, the system senses any obstacles that are on the four sides of the
car and not on the vertices. Upon detection of an obstacle which happens at a distance of 50 centimetres, the system
takes a negligible amount of time to react, that was to say, braking and turning. And 25 centimetres majorly depends
on the microcontroller processing speed and the motors’ precision.